Vindication for the Snake

Few creatures have existed as long or carried as much complex symbolism as the snake. For many, snakes evoke negative associations, rooted in their intimidating biological traits—an image that has permeated humanity’s mythological narratives. However, as we embrace the hopeful spirit of the Year of the Snake, perhaps it is time to reconsider and redeem the snake’s reputation.

One of the most famous stories involving snakes, which cemented their association with temptation and sin, is the biblical tale of Adam and Eve. In this account, the serpent persuades Adam and Eve to eat the forbidden fruit, resulting in their fall from grace and expulsion from the Garden of Eden. This imagery has shaped negative perceptions of snakes in Western culture for centuries.

The snake’s uniqueness lies in its dual symbolism. Throughout art history, snake imagery has been prevalent, from early snake worship to the snake’s inclusion in ancient Egyptian crowns and modern medical symbols. While Western thought often emphasizes the snake’s negative connotations, many world mythologies use it to portray mystery or even benevolence.

The Rod of Asclepius and the Bowl of Hygieia, associated with the Greek goddess of health and hygiene, prominently feature intertwined snakes, which have become enduring symbols of medicine and health care. Beyond healing, snakes also signify salvation, as illustrated by Moses’s staff that parted the Red Sea to deliver the Jewish people. On a broader level, snakes occupy the pinnacle of symbolism, representing the universe, life, and eternal cycles of rebirth, as evidenced in Ouroboros (the self-devouring serpent), Jörmungandr in Norse mythology, the Hindu god of snakes Shesha, and Quetzalcoatl in Mesoamerican traditions.

In India, snake imagery carries sacred significance, particularly within Hindu and Buddhist traditions. The Naga, half-human and half-snake beings, symbolize power and protection. They are believed to inhabit sacred waters, guarding treasures and providing shelter to deities. This symbolism is closely tied to Shiva, one of Hinduism’s most revered deities, who embodies destruction and rebirth. Snakes are seen not only as protectors but also as symbols of longevity and renewal, reflecting their ability to shed their skin and begin anew.

In Chinese culture, snakes are often viewed as symbols of wisdom, flexibility, and power. In feng shui, snakes play a role in protecting families and living spaces from evil forces. They represent powerful protection, and in many legends, snakes are worshipped as sacred creatures. Additionally, snakes symbolize intelligence and adaptability to changes. In Japan, the white snake (Shirohebi) is regarded as a symbol of luck, prosperity, and wealth, helping to ensure bountiful harvests.

In Vietnamese spiritual life, snake worship is an ancient folk belief that reflects a deep connection between humans and nature, particularly among communities living near water. This tradition is evident along the Red River, Cau River, and Duong River in the Northern Delta, as well as among the Cham people in South Central Vietnam and the Khmer in the South. Snake imagery in Vietnamese visual arts is remarkably diverse, encompassing snakes, pythons, water spirits, and dragons—often considered forms of snakes.

A notable figure in this tradition is Ong Lot, the snake deity in the Four Palaces religion, represented by the Green Snake and White Snake. Ong Lot serves as a water deity, safeguarding temples, protecting waterways, warding off evil spirits, and assisting the Mother Goddess and mediums in their spiritual duties.